Bedside Nursing Handover - 670 Words

Bedside nursing handover: A case study 1. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the structures, processes, and perceptions of the outcomes of bedside handovers in nursing practice. 2. Research design: The authors used a descriptive case study which is a methodological approach that can use a number of different methods to conduct an instrumental investigation that is bounded by place and time. Case study research asks questions of ‘what’, ‘why’, and ‘how’ in a non controlled or non artificial environment to analyse existing, real life situations with all their complexity 3. Sampling technique and characteristics of the sample: The study involved three wards in two hospitals in†¦show more content†¦Recommendations: The authors recommend that the findings originating from this study can be used as a basis to initiate protocols for implementation of bedside nursingShow MoreRelatedEnd Of Shift Bedside Report Contents And Format1579 Words   |  7 PagesEnd of shift bedside report contents and format Introduction Nursing handover is the primary method of sharing patient information between shifts and ensuring continuity of care from shift to shift. Hand over between shifts is a practice that is basic to the organization of the health works and is an essential aspect of health care delivery. Nursing handover at the bedside should be an interactive process, providing opportunities for into and questions from incoming and outgoing as well as forRead MoreThe Importance Of Bedside Handover With Isbar1537 Words   |  7 Pagestemporary basis is by performing a bedside handover. Bedside handover using ISBAR framework has proved in promotion of patient satisfaction especially for the patient’s safety. However, there are some barriers that were identified in the effectiveness of bedside handover. These barriers may involve different factors such as environmental factors and human factors. Thus, this literature review will be focusing on five themes on the effectiveness of bedside handover with ISBAR, which will then be comparedRead MoreBedside Handover Using Isbar Frameworks1548 Words   |  7 PagesBedside handover using ISBAR frameworks has proven in promotion of patient satisfaction, especially for the patient’s safety. However, there are some barriers that were identified in the effectiveness of bedside handover. These barriers may involve different factors such as environmental and human. Thus, this literature review will be focusing on various themes on the effectiveness of bedside handover using ISBAR, which will then be compared and contrasted; and the most common barriers to effectiveRead MoreQuestions On Care Delivery And Management1557 Words   |  7 PagesManagement 2 Introduction This assignment will be a discussion and analysis of handover in aspects of nursing care. It will identify principles of best practice in relation to handover and explore organisational and managerial factors. My personal experiences of handover will also be reflected upon.Then it will concluded the main issues that were raised from the essay. Handover is an important aspect in nursing because it is a form of communication between nurses who are caring for patients onRead MoreDo Nurses Prefer For A Clinical Setting?1856 Words   |  8 PagesDo nurses prefer nursing bedside handover in a clinical setting? INTRODUCTION Nursing bedside handover is as an important part in the transferring of nursing responsibilities of clinical care for all patients from one nurse to another nurse at the end of the shift (Chin, Warren, Kornman Cameron, 2012). Nursing handover is significant in maintaining the continuity of patient care for better health outcomes. If the information provided to another person is poorly conveyed may lead to major issuesRead MoreEvidence Based Practice Task 2 (Wgu)3773 Words   |  16 PagesGovernors University Evidence Based Practice and Applied Nursing Research The nursing topic of interest is bedside handover, which is the concept of conducting shift handover at the patient’s bed instead of doing it at the front desk. Part A The article being analysed is: Tobiano, G., Chaboyer, W. Murray, A. (2012). Family Members’ Perceptions of the Nursing Bedside Handover. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 192-200. The analysis of the primary researchRead MoreThe Hospital Consumer Assessment Of Healthcare Providers And Systems ( Hcahps )1522 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal lives of our coworker ( Griffin, 2012). The Hospital consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems ( HCAHPS) is a 27- item survey, which measures client perceptions of their hospital experience. One focus of the HCAHPS survey is nursing communication. Clients are asked how often nurses listened carefully to them, whether nurses explain things in a way they could understand, and nurses treat them with courtesy and respect. Respondents answer these questions on a 4-point rating scaleRead MoreThe Dual Function Of Determining Staff And Patient Perceptions Before And After Implementation Of Bedside Handoffs1343 Words   |  6 PagesA1 Maxson, Pamela M., Derby, Kelly M., Wrobleski, Diane M., Foss, Diane M.. (2012). Bedside Nurse to Nurse Handoff Promotes Patient Safety. MedSurg Nursing, 21, 140-145. A2 Backround or Introduction This study had the dual function of determining staff and patient perceptions before and after implementation of bedside handoffs. For the patients they looked at satisfaction with their plan of care and improved their perception of staff teamwork. For the unit staff, changes in staff satisfactionRead MoreCommunication At The Core Of Nursing Practice2275 Words   |  10 PagesCommunication is about interacting with people and therefore is at the core of nursing practice. For nursing care to be safe and therapeutic for the patient, the communication skills used by nurses need to be effective, positive and patient-centered. This requires a continuing awareness by nurses of their contribution to patient safety through interactions that they have not just with patients but also with relatives, friends, other healthcare professionals (McCabe Timmins, 2013). With this inRead MoreEvidence based practice, task 1 Essay9249 Words   |  37 PagesEBT 1 -Ta sk 1 Selected Article from a Nursing Journal: APA Citation: Bradley, S., Mott, S. (2010). Handover: Faster and safer? Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(1), 23-32 A2. Graphic: Background Information Traditionally nurses delivered clinical information about the patient, the clinical events on their shift and the plan of care to the oncoming shift to ensure continuity of care and to make sure that their colleagues were informed about tasks or instructions that needed to be

How Writers of 19th Century Stories Create Tension and...

How Writers of 19th Century Stories Create Tension and Suspense The writers in 19th century stories create tension and suspense through the use of gothic horror. This style of writing is designed to frighten and panic and cause dread and alarm. It innovates our hidden worst fears often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience. Horrors effectively centre on the dark side of life, the forbidden, and the strange and alarming events. It deals with the audience’s most primal nature and its fears. This may include nightmares, vulnerability, alienation, revulsions, and terror of the unknown, fear of the death and dismemberment,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe echoes rang up and down the spiral staircase, and a shadow same sweeping after me.’ The use of the personification makes the shadow appear daunting and gives the effect of anxiety. The ‘spiral staircase’ demonstrates that it is empty and this is typical of horror as all visions are blocked. The direction to the red room is very complicated. ‘You go along the passage for a bit†¦until you come to a door, and through that is a spiral staircase†¦to the end, and the red room is on your left up the staircase.’ This long direction to The Red Room is like a maze. It builds suspense and tension because the room is hidden and isolated away from all other sources of humanity. It makes the reader ask questions such as, what is inside that room, and why is it hidden lyk this. This description to The Red Room gets the reader involved as the reader intends to follow the directions leading to the room. Many objects in room appear unusual. ‘The queer old mirror at the end of the room’ The mirror distorts the narrator’s appearance and makes it unusual. This adds a sense of fear and terror in the reader’s mind. There are many descriptions of The Red Room. ‘That large sombre room, with its shadowy window bays, itsShow MoreRelated To what extent do the detective fiction stories looked at imitate1686 Words   |  7 Pagesdetective fiction stories looked at imitate The Murders in the Rue Morgue in terms of the character and the creation of tension? Question: To what extent do the detective fiction stories looked at imitate The Murders in the Rue Morgue in terms of the character and the creation of tension? This essay will explain, discuss and examine the effects of Edgar Allen Poes The Murders in the Rue Morgue had on other authors writing detective stories during the 19th century. The Murders inRead More With Reference to Collins A Terribly Strange Bed and Conan Doyles1363 Words   |  6 PagesReference to Collins A Terribly Strange Bed and Conan Doyles Speckled Band, Discuss How Both Authors Create Mystery and Tension. Although these short stories are fictional and were written in the mid 19th Century they are crime dramas containing stereotypical images of the villains of the time. These include social outcasts such as Dr Roylott and Monsieur Faulkner. Many writers use suspense in their stories in order to excite the reader more and to make them want to turn over to the next pageRead More This essay will consider four of this type of story, by short story2235 Words   |  9 Pagesof this type of story, by short story writers of the period; Dickens’ The Signal Man, The Monkeys Paw’ by W W Jacobs, H G Wells The Red Room and The Dream Woman by Wilkie Collins. LOOKING AT THE ATTUTUDES OF THE PERIOD, EXAMINE HOW A RANGE OF 19TH CENTURY WRITERS CREATE MYSTERY AND SUSPENSE IN THEIR SHORT SHORIES The rise in popularity of magazines in Victorian times and the era’s fascination in the unknown and supernatural led to immense interest in the short story genre. The key toRead More The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells3559 Words   |  15 Pagesthan to know the truth. In this assignment I will be looking at the two short stories written in the 1800’s: â€Å"The Red Room† by H.G.Wells where a man goes into an apparently haunted room and although he is warned by other old characters he does not listen and the tension builds up as he goes into the room where fear gets the better of him in a room which might not be haunted in the end. The other short story is â€Å"The Signalman† by Charles Dickens. In The signalman a man lives separated fromRead More The Signalman, The Red Room and The Man with the Twisted Lip3299 Words   |  14 PagesThe Signalman, The Red Room and The Man with the Twisted Lip â€Å"How do Dickens, Wells and Doyle create tension and suspense in The Signalman, The Red Room and The Man with the Twisted Lip respectively?† It is obvious that these tales were written in the mid nineteenth century because the style of writing is very different to the more modern techniques writers employ today. In these stories, we are told about objects which no longer have a place in modern society, such as the telegraphRead MoreGothic Horror Stories Essay2239 Words   |  9 Pagessetting of â€Å"The Telltale Heart is not significant to building up suspense; however there are a few elements that do. How is tension and suspense built up and maintained in at least two Gothic horror stories? The genre of Gothic Horror was developed during 19th and early 20th century and had a popular appeal to the new middle class people who sought entertainment. Gothic Horror has common characteristics of suspense, fear and would often include a rational, scientifically minded characterRead MoreEssay on The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle1147 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Conan Doyle - The Hound of The Baskervilles The Hound of the Baskervilles - GCSE Coursework Essay In this essay I aim to look at how the settings in Arthur Conan Doyles novel The Hound of The Baskervilles affect the atmosphere of the book. I will discuss a number of areas of the novel among these how the main settings of the novel compare and contrast with each other, The history, description and pre-knowledge of the main settings, The characters reactions to their surroundingsRead More The Signalman, by Charles Dickens; The Battler by Ernest Hemingway2784 Words   |  12 PagesThe Signalman, by Charles Dickens; The Battler by Ernest Hemingway - In what way do the two authors create and maintain interest and suspense in their stories? In Charles Dickens The Signalman the story starts by introducing the main character (a railway signalman). Another character is also introduced: the narrator. Dickens describes the signalman as a dark sallow man and as having a dark beard and heavy eyebrows. It seems that Dickens wishes to portray the signalman as a darkRead MoreAn Atmosphere of Fear and Horror in the Opening Chapter of Dracula by Bram Stoker1877 Words   |  8 PagesAn Atmosphere of Fear and Horror in the Opening Chapter of Dracula by Bram Stoker The novel of Dracula is written by Bram Stoker It was written in the early 19th century and at this time there was much mystery and suspicion surrounding such places as Transylvania where the book is set. The books form is that its written as a journal by the main character, Jonathon Harker. The fact that its written as a journal makes the whole book seem more believable, and its as thoughRead MoreEssay on The Speckled Band and The Man with the Twisted Lip1580 Words   |  7 PagesExamine the settings which Arthur Conan Doyle has chosen for his stories in The Speckled Band and The Man with the Twisted Lip. Consider the effects the writer has created and how they contribute to the atmosphere. Arthur Conan Doyles character, Sherlock Holmes, lived in Victorian London during the 19th century. His perception of the streets is portrayed as a dark and isolated environment. The atmosphere was far from welcoming. The streets were overrun with crime, beggars and prostitutes

Essay about What is World History - 4758 Words

What is world history? Bruce Mazlish contends that world history, as opposed to global history, is the study of systemic processes of interaction among diverse peoples, best typified by the work of William H. McNeill. By contrast, global history is the history of globalization, a process that Mazlish argues did not begin to occur on a significant scale until at least the 1950s, and, more plausibly, the 1970s. Citing prominent economic historians, Nicholas Kristof asserts that globalization actually started in the second half of the 19th Century, when steamships, the telegraph, the railroad, and European, North American, and Japanese empire-builders brought humankind into a single densely interwoven community of trade, investment,†¦show more content†¦To me, this is globalization, the global diffusion of humankind and human cultures. In only a few thousand generations, Homo sapiens was everywhere, and everywhere essentially the same, despite superficial differences such as sk in color or width of nose or degree of hirsuteness. Globalization outran evolution. The sheer mobility and versatility of Homo sapiens precluded significant differentiation. Accordingly, I would like to define world history as the history of all the doings of the species Homo sapiens on (and off) the planet Earth, the globe Earth, since its emergence in Africa more than 100,000 years ago. In all these millennia, humankind has swarmed over the whole planet and has exchanged ideas, institutions, technologies, and languages back and forth and every which way, often making it difficult if not impossible to ascertain which idea, institution, technology, or language first arose where or when. In short, we have been globalizing from the beginning, although I freely acknowledge that in certain periods, such as the middle of the 4th Millennium B.C., the 16th Century A.D., and the second halves of the 19th and 20th Centuries, we have seen significant upsurges in the tempo and scale of globalization. All this means that the subject matter ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Has Changed World History1724 Words   |  7 PagesWhat has changed world history the most? Agriculture, the ancient Greeks, social inequality? None of these come close to the thing that has changed human history the most. Humans drove Neanderthals to their extinction, which contributed to the rise of human hegemony. Anything that has happened in human history was allowed to happen because of Neanderthal extinction. Humans have been around since about 200,000 years ago, and so have Neanderthals. But, humans were made differently than NeanderthalsRead MoreAll Of World History : What Makes American Society?971 Words   |  4 PagesContemporary society, in the context of all of world history, is the best it has ever been, and the time to keep people in poverty has long since passed. Rather than have any benefits, those in poverty over the last several decades have become targets and scapegoats for politicians and businessme n, which is plainly unfair treatment that does more harm than good. Before going into those in poverty, equally important in this discussion is those that are in power. Mills calls this group the â€Å"PowerRead MoreAp Us History Dbq ( When World War I Broke Out, the United States Declared Its Policy of Neutrality. to What Extent Did the United States Follow a Policy of Neutrality Between 1914 and 1917? )1162 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States History Section II Part A 1. When World War I broke out, the United States declared its policy of neutrality. To what extent did the United States follow a policy of neutrality between 1914 and 1917? On April 6 of 1917 America officially entered WWI as an ally power after much vouching of their neutrality. Up to that point many government officials preached to America the great strategy of neutrality especially the president of the time Wilson. At the beginning of WWI inRead MoreWhat Kind of World Do You Want for the 21st Century?768 Words   |  4 Pagesdisputes in East Asia, the continued conflict between Pakistan and Israel both suggest that the haunting history has been and even is increasingly to be sources of distrust, hatred, and thus conflicts in the world. As the 20th century passed away, the 21st century has brought us a difficult task as how to deal with our tumultuous past. I hope that the world in the new century would be a world that can be at peace with its past---it would not be mired in the historical grievances, but would insteadRead More Historical Perspective in the Essays of Susan Griffin, Richard Rodriguez, and Ralph Ellison1570 Words   |  7 PagesDesir e) Susan Griffin’s â€Å"Our Secret† is an essay in which she carefully constructs and describes history, particularly World War II, through the lives of several different people. Taken from her book A Chorus of Stones, her concepts may at first be difficult to grasp; however David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky say that, â€Å"Griffin writes about the past - how we can know it, what its relation to the present, why we should care. In the way she writes, she is also making an argument aboutRead MoreWorld History : The Middle East1339 Words   |  6 PagesHow was world history depicted in the past? Was it depicted the same way as it is now? Hitherto, people believe world history is the history of the entire globe, including every country. However, the perceptions and definitions of world history have changed over time. In the past, world history meant Western history and Islam was not included. History was biased and still continues to be due to various factors a s Bentley discusses. Understanding the meaning of orientalism and its true definitionRead MoreHow Have New Emphases And Interpretative Lenses Is History1269 Words   |  6 Pageslenses emphasizing history from below affected the more traditional subfields of political, military, diplomatic, and sectional history and how do they affect world history. During the past century these four subfields have evolved within themselves to rise from their traditional methodologies of study to incorporating social and cultural historiography to better analyze their subject matter; while turning from an inner study, as it applies to the United States, towards a more world view. TheRead MoreHuman Perception Of The World890 Words   |  4 PagesThe world is a representation that our bodies and our minds construct within ourselves to represent the outside world. In other words, human perception of the world is subjective to the individual. We pick and choose the experiences that we want to remember and how we want to remember them while we unconsciously forget the majority of our life experiences. We see and acknowledge what we want to see and ignore what we think is not related to us. The way we see, understand and interpret the outsideRead More The Importance of History Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is history? Should we study history? Who creates history? Is history relevant? The definition of history, is a question which has sparked international debate for centuries between the writers, readers, and the makers of history. It is a vital topic which should be relevant in our lives because it?s important to acknowledge past events that have occurred in our world that deeply influences the present. This essay will discuss what history is, and why we study it. History is the studyRead MoreThe Waters Of Babylon Analysis795 Words   |  4 PagesWhat would happen if no one ever recorded history? What values would humanity have? Would we be able to learn anything? In the short story, â€Å"The Waters of Babylon† by Stephen Vincent Benet, Benet displays his story to be in a futuristic post-apocalyptic world that was destroyed due to the fact that the people who lived in it failed to record their history. The main character, John, has to go on a quest to learn more about his ancestors and get more information about the world they lived in. When

Religious Freedom in the Workplace - 640 Words

The United States is one of the most culturally and religiously diverse countries in the world. The founding fathers of the United States wanted to ensure that its people would have the ability to practice their religion with no threat of persecution. In order to accomplish the goal of religious freedom and continue to ensure that all people of any religion would be free to practice their religion, the United States passed Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibits an employer from discriminating based on the religious views of its employees. As the citizens of the United States spend a large amount of time in their places of employment, religious practices that these employees feel are necessary for the true observance of their religion must be accommodated by the employers. This law contends that in cases where the accommodation of religious practices of its employees does not create undue hardships, an employer must make reasonable accommodations for employees to p ractices the beliefs of their religion. As the demographics of the United States continues to change with more religiously diverse people immigrating to the country, employers are coming under more pressure to ensure they are taking all possible precautions to accommodate the religious practices of its employees. These precautions are important as the once an employee has established a bona fide complaint of religious discrimination, the burden of proof then falls on the employer to prove theyShow MoreRelatedReligious Freedom in the Workplace Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesAtheism is not considered a religion, but a religious belief. One could argue in the workplace that you are not breaking any boundaries. However, if you are forcing religion on someone then a line has been crossed. According to Brierton (1992) he states that, â€Å"the owners of Townley Engineering required all employees to attend weekly nondenominational devotional services. Employees were paid to attend and we re required to sign a statement agreeing to follow all employee handbook policies of whichRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Religion1574 Words   |  7 PagesIf you pick up a paper or magazine today most of the articles contain topics involving religion in the workplace or religion in the US military. It is hard for any Air Force member to go throughout their career without having to deal with religion in the workplace as a trending topic. â€Å"After entering the 21st century religion in the workplace has impacted not only schools, most major cooperation’s† (Ludolph, R. C., Wolfe, A. A. (2013) , but the United States military across all the branches ofRead MoreMidterm 1 Sample Multiple Choice Questions Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesreverse discrimination; d) Women and visible minorities are given equal opportunity in the workplace through programs designed to increase diversity; e) Both (a) and (d); 2. Which of the following protections under the Quebec Charter could be used to argue that Capital punishment (the death penalty) should be declared illegal: a) Every person has the right to life; b) Every person has the right to freedom; c) It is not a reasonable limit on our rights in a free and democratic society; d) We areRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641581 Words   |  7 Pages state laws vary greatly in terms of accommodations in the workplace and the protection they provide to employees. These laws may vary greatly from state to state and many extend similar protections to groups that are not covered by federal laws. These rules place significant regulations on how employers can make decisions on hiring and other terms of employment but many factors affect this complex issue. Nepotism occurs in the workplace when employers make decisions based on familial relation andRead MoreThe Rights Of Transgender Teenagers1667 Words   |  7 Pagesmental state it puts teens in (â€Å"#BornPerfect†). This can become a huge problem for teens trying to discover who they are when their parents are against them and openly choose to try and change their children. Many members of the population find religious views on transgenderism to be old fashioned and out of date. Many religions feel that transgenderism is sinful and is the reason for many of the world problems including storms, earthquakes and other disasters (Hall). How do you even reason withRead MoreThe Workplace And The Ethical Issues Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesReligion in the workplace can introduce some of the most challenging concerns employers have to tackle. Solving these issues involves an understanding of the law as well as attempting to balance the business s needs with an employee s desire to practice his or her religion. One of the most controversial conflicts when dealing with religion in the workplace is between an employee s desire to take time off to acknowledge religious days or holidays and the potential reduction in productivity andRead MoreEmployment Law Case Studies968 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Employment Law 1. Human resource dilemma number three regarding Hillsdale bank represents a classic example of religious discrimination. According to the official website of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), religious discrimination involves treating someone unfairly as a result of their religious practices (eeoc.gov/laws). In this example, however, there is a clear religious intolerance present, as clearly Hillsdale bank had no problem representing both Christianity and Judaism byRead MoreThe Act Of Treating Or Considering Or Making A Difference1486 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"all aspect of religious observance and practice, as well as belief, unless an employer demonstrates that he is unable to reasonably accommodate to an employee’s or prospective employee’s religious observance or practice without undue hardship on the conduct of the employer’s business*†. The definition is the guideline to state that employer is prohibited to use religious observ ance or practices against them and they should reasonably accommodate the employee because of the religious practices, withoutRead MoreEssay about The Equal Opportunity Employer Law and Discrimination1511 Words   |  7 Pageswho happened to be Islamic. In that case it is unfair, because not all Islamic religions support killing, and suicide bombing. The first amendment gives everyone the freedom of religion, expression, and speech. However, many individuals are discriminated against in the workplace because of their religious beliefs. If a persons religious beliefs has nothing to do with their work ethic, why is it considered an issue? During, and after 9/11 Muslims became the butt end of all jokes on tonight shows, andRead MoreReligion in the Workplace Essay578 Words   |  3 Pages2013 Week 3 Assignment Rough Draft Religion in the Workplace When one begins to talk about religion, everyone tends to be quite. Religion has and will always be a controversial subject to address. In society today with so many different religions available to practice one should not be attacked or treated differently for their religious beliefs when they enter the workforce. Under the First Amendment, Americans enjoy two freedoms with respect to religion: the right to be free

Character Sketch of Ralph and Jack Lord of the Flies free essay sample

When the boys decided to elect a boy as their leader, Ralph won the election, even if the choirboys voted for Jack. So Ralph asked Jack to be the leader of the choirboys who would be the hunters. This situation indicates that Ralph cares about the others and their feelings. Throughout the novel Ralph tries to establish order and focus on rescue. He decided that in the meetings only the boy who holds the conch shell could speak. This shows his sympathy for rules, similar to the civilized world. Ralph encouraged the boys to build huts, but all the boys, except Simon and Piggy are concerned with playing, having fun and avoiding work. Ralph thought about them as silly kids, what they actually are. Ralph inherits the role of an adult. He wants especially to keep the fire on the mountain going so that when a ship passes, the boys can be rescued. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Sketch of Ralph and Jack Lord of the Flies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His main wish is to be rescued and until this he tries to maintain order. Ralph primary represents order and civilization, as opposed to the savage instinct that Jack embodies. As the group gradually succumbs to savage instincts over the course of the novel, Ralph’s position declines  precipitously while Jack’s rises. When Jack forms a separate, rival group, the focus is on hunting and savagery rather than rescue. Ralph starts to get worried about the rescue he waits for and doesn’t know what to do. When the novel progresses Ralph comes to understand that savagery exists within all the boys. When he hunts a boar for the first time, he experiences the exhilaration and thrill of bloodlust and violence. In the end of the novel, after the rest of the boys joined Jack’s tribe and Piggy and Simon were killed by them, Ralph is left to survive on his own in the forest being chased by the ‘savage’ boys. Ralph’s story ends semi-tragically: although he is rescued, when he sees the naval officer, he weeps with the burden of his new knowledge about the human capacity for evil. Character Sketch: Jack Jack Merridew, an English boy, is the antagonist of the novel and represents the direct opposite to Ralph. He is tall, redheaded and approximately twelve years old. When the group of boys decided to elect a leader, Jack was upset, because Ralph became the leader. â€Å"The freckles on Jack’s face disappeared under a blush of mortification. †(p. 24). Instead of leading the whole group, Ralph asked Jack to be the leader of the choirboys, who will be the hunters. The first time Jack encountered a pig, he was not able to kill it, but soon he became obsessed with hunting. â€Å"(He) painted (his) face†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 81) and he became more and more wild and violent, until he was always ready to fight. â€Å"(He) cut the pig’s throat –â€Å" (p. 81). Jack primarily represents the instinct of savagery, violence and the desire of power. When Jack didn’t want Ralph to be the leader anymore, most of the boys didn’t agree. Jack was angry about this situation: â€Å"‘I’m not going to play any longer. Not with you. ’† (p. 140), Jack said and stormed away to form his own group. Many of the boys followed him and Jack leads them from civilized boys into savages throughout the novel. He becomes increasingly wild, barbaric and cruel as the novel progresses. â€Å"Jack wrenched free and swung at Ralph with his spear. (p. 196). The more savage Jack becomes, the more he is able to control the rest of the group. He is constantly violent and threatens those boys â€Å"below† him. Jack is getting out of control and leads his â€Å"tribe† towards Simon’s and Piggy’s murder. He brings the boys into mass hysteria and eventually almost hunts Ralph down. In the end of the novel Jack has learned to use the boy’s fear of the beast to control their behavior. Jack represents the instinct of savagery within human beings, as opposed to the civilizing instinct Ralph presents.

Vestal Cult free essay sample

A vision in white surrounded by the air of purity and near divinity was the image of a Vestal virgin. These women became synonymous with the eternal existence and safety of Rome. The representation of influence, devotion, and power were characteristics of these six women who sacrificed their sexuality and family cults to serve the Goddess Vests and to profit from the advantages that such devotion earned. The life of a Vestal virgin was unlike that of any other Roman woman with her political influence and symbolic protection of the Roman state. We will write a custom essay sample on Vestal Cult or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a central entity to ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins chastity and legality determined the very survival of the powerful city. The Vestal Virgins became synonymous with the eternal existence and safety of the Roman state. Originating during the reign of King Annum in 71 5 BCC, the Vestals were introduced as a form Of protection to restore confidence and ensure the existence of the Roman state. They were to remain chaste for 30 years after which they had the ability to leave the priesthood but could choose to serve until her death. 1 The decades were separated into 3 parts, a dent, a practitioner, and then a teacher.With the Vestal virgins maintaining their religious duties Rome would continue to remain the foremost city in the ancient world. Above all, the significance of the cult of Vests contained the symbolic factors for which the cult represented. According to Garage-Roman tradition, the household and hearth were basic building blocks of the city -sate; both were part of the natural structuring of human society. 2 The worship of the goddess of the hearth, Vests, allowed the cult to gain a higher level of worship due to the symbolism that the burning fire represented. The flame was a symbol of the unity of Rome as a communal household with the women tending to it and keeping the flame endlessly burning. The fire was also a form of connection to the divine. 3 As a key element in ritual offerings the fire connected the mortal lives to the realm of the gods. Each temple would have had its own hearth for offerings, yet the central hearth was located in the temple of Vests to characterize Romeos unwavering strength and stability. For this matter the flame was to be forever burning or the permanence of the Roman state would be threatened. Within each home inRome was a hearth, the symbol of warmth, protection, and nourishment. Each of these hearths were initially kindled from the great hearth in the aides Vested therefore each household was linked to the central flame which created a unification of the households into the one steadfast city that was Rome. 4 Fire was the most pure of elements. The cult of Vests endured over 1000 years including three types of rule (kingship, republic, and empire), and two religious interpretations (polytheism and Christianity). In the eyes of the Romans the Vestal Virgins became a symbolic portrayal of eternity and divinity.Without the Vestals and their cult the Roman State would have existed differently, if at all. 5 Roman historian, Titus Lives, also known as Live, writes about the history of the legendary Vests that was Rhea Silvia and her fundamental role in the founding of Rome. As the only surviving daughter of King Monitor and the lone female descendant of Nanas, Rhea Silvia was given to the order of Vestals to become a virgin priestess. Her initiation into the temple of Vests was to abolish any future descents from Monitors line. Live describes this duty as an honor to her with this position but Live finishes his count with depriving her of all hopes of issue. (Live, Through the act of violation by the god of war Mars, Rhea Silvia gives birth to the mythological founders of Rome, Romulus and Reams. The connection between Rome as a founded city and the role of the vestal is evident. Rhea Silvia a Vestal priestess; the personification of virtue, piety, and protector of home and hearth and bloodline descendent from the hero Names is the mother of Rome through her son Romulus the founder.This connection to the mother seen in Rhea Silvia and the strength of Rome can be seen further in duality of he nurturing, earthen femininity in Rhea Silvia and the fire and unrehearsed. 7 The term Virgin can be used to describe a physical trait of these young women but it can also be seen as a symbolic term for the priestesses. Holt N. Parker implies that the term of a virgin is nothing more than a metaphor. TO be a virgin is to not have been penetrated by man, if the Vestal was the figurative heart of Rome, for her to be a virgin would mean that the shelter of Rome has not been penetrated by an outside force. The purity that was upheld for the 30 year servitude was critical in the connection be;en aorta and divine, in this way Vests could connected with her divine counterpart. 9 To remain a virgin was a way to prove her oath to the Roman state of her commitment, it also ensured that no familial tie could bind the priestess into political gain through her offspring. As children between the ages of six and ten, six priestesses are selected to commit a minimum of thirty years of servitude in the name of Vessel.Religious rituals were conducted throughout the year by the Vestals and many incorporated the use of purification tools to cleanse the temple. The most noted ritual was lead on the first day of the New Year wh en the Vestals renewed the life of the temple by rekindling a new fire in the aides Vestal. 10 The ritual was seen as regeneration and renewal rite to denote the discarding of the past and the emerging of the new. The Vestal rite of caption involved the removal of the girl from the familial cult but failed to complete the transfer into a cult of a new family. 1 The Vestals remained in an intermediate state of girl and women; she was neither a member of her family s cult nor was she yet a member of a ewe family cult, for this reason the Vestal Virgins always wore their hair in the sex crises style. Thus, the Vestal retained the hairstyle of virgin bride, the dress of Roman matrons, and the status of the elite. The attire of the Vestals Virgins consisted of a Stool (long dress) that was worn only by the matrons and the Vestals.It represented a detectable sign Of purity since foredoomed, prostitutes and divorced women were prohibited from wearing it. 12 In addition to their distinctive manner of dress the Vestals received privileges not offered to other women or some Romans. Some examples include the ability to make a will during their fathers life, perform daily affairs without a guardian, pardon a person being led to execution, buried inside the city, and special seating arrangements among elites to visually reinforce the publics awareness of their superior status. 3 They were responsible for the protection and the maintenance of the citys central fire within the pens of the aides Vestal. 14 Extinguished of this fire would threaten the foundation of the citys existence, the fax detour. The historical purpose, detailed requirements of selection, and public ritual participation made the Vestal Virgins an essential political function in addition to their religious role with a number of other religious tasks were performed by the Vestal Virgins and were given privileges not granted to other Roman women.They had the right to decide over their fortunes and properties once the years of servitude were completed. As a guardian of Romeos symbolic storeroom and religious substances called the pens, the priestesses were the only Romans allowed within this room and knew the exact nature of what it contained. The Vestals had the sole responsibility Of these contents and whatever they might be ere indispensable for the continuation of the Roman state. 15 Failure to accomplish their duties would result in severe consequences.Smaller offenses led to naked whippings at the hands of the Pontiffs Maximum. 16 Fests describes the method for renewing the fire connecting the cult with fertility, if the fire of Vests was ever extinguished, the virgins were beaten with whips by the Pontiffs. It was the custom for them to drill a board of favorable wood for a very long time, a virgin then bore the fire taken from this into the added in a bronze sieve (Fest. 491)17 Interpreted as both sexual and pragmatic this method of kindling a fire was the most common method among their ancestors.In the event that a Vestal was found guilty of crimes incentive, loss of virginity during a Vestals period of service, the punishment was live burial. This crime was viewed as a dire threat to the Roman state. 18 Those who were unable to uphold the duties of the Vestal Virgins were buried alive; like a fire, the quickest way to extinguish it is masking the flames with soil. The symbolic death of the Vestal Virgins was to quench their flame with earth.Only 22 cases were recorded of crimes incenses during the existence of the Vestal cult, the majority of which occurred during political turmoil. 19 The six women selected to serve as Vestal virgins engaged in a distinct role in Roman politics. The Vestals political role in maintaining Romeos influence becomes a source of accountability when the State undergoes periods of turmoil. Along with their political function and religious role in society the cult of Vests served as a scapegoat for politicians and emperors when the Roman state suffered extreme political instability.The use of live burial reassured the public that Romeos religious traditions and political strength would always be protected. 20 When Vestal were involved in transgressions of crimes incentive, harsh punishments such as live burial are necessary in the eyes of the Romans because the Vestals failed to properly protect Romeos central power source. It was a crime against tradition and the safety of Rome. Consequently every incests accusation was preceded by a mysterious omen (egg the extinguishing of the fire of the aides Vestal).Live describes a panic-ridden atmosphere in 483 BCC due to a failure of properly performing sacred rites, To add to everyones apprehension, there were prodigies from the heavens, signaling almost daily threats in both the city and countryside. Both publicly and privately, seers inspected entrails and observed the flight of birds, declaring that the reason for the divine displeasure was nothing less than that the sacred rites had not been properly performed. These fears eventually resulted in the condemnation of the Vestal Poppa for unchristian and her punishment. 22 Such turmoil was specifically linked to the Vestal cult because it was central and vital to the entire Roman state. Dionysus and Plutarch both support the idea that as Vests, who herself typified the earth, was to be regarded as the centre of the universe, so fire, which is sacred to her was placed in the centre of the City . 23 With a central role in the Roman state, the cult Of Vests was treated as guilty political scapegoats due to the entwined religious function with the hearth of the Roman state.The majority of crimes incenses cases occurred during periods of political instability. Out of 18 live burials that took place three occurred in 114 BCC. 24 The trials of the here vestals took place during the destruction of the army of C. Porcine Coat in Thrace. 25 This supports the theory that political attacks on Vestals occurred during political uproar rather than during valid religious concern among the people. In addition to representing the unfaltering ideal of Roman divinity, the Vestals reflected the aspirations of the public for a stable Roman state.At any given time there were six Vestals who might range in age from early childhood to extreme old age. The selection process of Vestals could take place in two different ways; in one the Pontiffs Maximum would follow King Mamas maniac Pain law and selected twenty girls from whom one was chosen. 26 Alternatively a man of respectable birth could offer his daughter. If the senate approved the offer she could be accepted automatically. In any case the goddess Vests had the final choice in her new priestess.The introductory rite into the cult of Vests was known as the capital. In a way that is similar to a matrons marriage rite, it differed in specific important ways. The girl is seated on her fathers lap instead of her mothers and is approached by the Pontiffs Maximum who then would seize her and take her way. The transfer from her fathers potentates to her new familys potentates in never completed, instead becoming SSI iris, freed from her fathers control but without a new male control. They became part of the state cult that belonged to all Roman families collectively. 7 There were rigorous qualifications for a prospective Vestal: she had to be between the age Of six and ten; be bare of any physical blemish or impairment; both parents still living and in the patria potentates. In addition to this her father should not have been unbound from the potentates of his father. If her grandfather were alive he would have to be in his potentates. 28 From this point on the Vestal is property of the state and under the household of the Pontiffs Maximum until the end of her 30-year term.As the head of the College of Pontiffs, the Pontiffs Maximum represented both the husband and the father figure to the Vestal. It is only the Pontiffs who has the power to not only select but to also condemn a Vestal to punishment. Through this relationship to the state as a whole, the Vestal was bound to no one and everyone at the same time. Her duties were to be matron and priestess to the nation in all rites and rituals fitting her station as household matron. As a deity of fertility, Vests was valued in mythology for her virginity and chastity alluding to a Mother-like figure.The connections to the divine in through the years of worship emphasize the desire to maintain position amongst the young priestesses. This triple image of maid, mother and deity all intricately bond the temple of Vests together though virginity, fertility, and spirituality. These elements combined created an institution was remarkably valued throughout its existence. The Women of the Vestal cult sacrificed so little but gained So much. Though a simple sacrifice of perpetual chastity the Vestal was able to empower not only herself politically and financially, but also empower the Roman Empire as a whole.